woensdag 24 juni 2020

Is Islam a dangerous religion?

After the fall of Communism in 1989 the Western world needed a new enemy, at least for its NATO defence system. NATO Secretary General Willy Claes in the early 1990s already defined Islam/Muslim terrorism as the new enemy. This increased to worldwide impact after the 9/11 attacks in the USA of 2001. GWOT, the Global War against terrorism became a new emblem for a coalition under leadership of the USA. "It is argued that the US is an informal military-political empire which makes false and exaggerated claims about the threat of Islamic terrorism to justify US intervention in Muslim countries."
BKI, the journal Bijdragen with a very long name, 2020, issue 2/3 (quote her from page 211) has an interesting contribution about 'Security, Islam, and Indonesia' by Aria Nakissa with an 'Anthropological Analysis of Indonesia's Counterterrorism Agency'. Free access through KITLV/Publications.
Nakissa was between 2014-9 repeatedly in Indonesia to study BNPT, Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Terorism, the National Counterterrorism Agency. In contrast to Densus, the armed police squad fighting terrorists, the BNPT is quite open about its structure, strategy and goals. The researcher could talk to former terrorists, was inside several of the most important buildings of BNPT and could write extensively about its threefold programme of protection, counter-radicalization and deradicalization.
Until the bombing in Kuta, Bali, 8 October 2002, the Indonesia police and military were not too keen on Muslim terrorism, but since that attack, which caused 202 deaths, there was an urgent reason for building a national infrastructure, partly following major goals of GWOT. In this article the author is quite critical about elements of this goal: terrorism causes comparatively few deaths. In the 16 years following the Bali bombings it has caused some 20 deaths per year in Indonesia, while AIDS has caused rougly 30,000 deaths per year and smoking 200,000 per year in Indonesia alone! (218).
While Densus has  a hard approach, BNPT, according to Nakissa represents a quite soft approach. It has a Pusat Media Damai, promoting liberal Islam and also attention for local Indonesian rather than Arab-style Islam. It cooperates with NGOs in this field. It supports young Indonesians working as bloggers, has a network of websites and social media accounts.
For those found guilty of terrorist actions it has developed a fourfold programme of 'deradicalization',  starting with identification, going to rehabilitation, re-education and reintegration.
Former terrorists can join these programmes (but only if they survive the hard treatment of Densus which caused at least 121 individuals death in prison between 2007 and 2016).
This detailed study, only summarised shortly above is a very interasting piece of work.
The 2020, 2/3 issue of BKI has many more interesting articles: on the last Dutch colonial war between 1945-1949 (the Dutch Vietnam), on the killings of 1965-6 considered as a genocide on the 'Communist Community' of Indonesia, on Indonesians in China after 1965, trying to continue the Indonesian Communist Party PKI, amidst the cultural revoluation in China itself. And many nice book reviews.

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